A herniated disc occurs when the soft, gel-like center of a spinal disc (nucleus pulposus) pushes through a tear in its tougher outer layer (annulus fibrosus). This can irritate or compress nearby spinal nerves, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the back, neck, arms, or legs, depending on the location of the herniation. Herniated discs are most common in the lower back (lumbar spine) and neck (cervical spine) and can result from age-related degeneration, sudden injury, heavy lifting, or repetitive strain.
Treatment for a herniated disc often starts conservatively with rest, physical therapy, pain-relief medications, or targeted injections to reduce inflammation. Most people experience gradual improvement over several weeks, but in severe or persistent cases, surgical intervention may be needed to remove or repair the damaged portion of the disc. Maintaining good posture, core strength, and proper body mechanics can help prevent further injury and support long-term spinal health. With appropriate care, many individuals regain mobility and
return to normal activities.
