Treatments

An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a minimally invasive procedure used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain in the spine. It involves injecting a corticosteroid medication, often combined with a local anesthetic, into the epidural space—the area surrounding the spinal nerves and spinal cord. This targeted delivery helps decrease inflammation around irritated nerves, which can result from conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or sciatica. The procedure is typically performed under fluoroscopic (X-ray) guidance to ensure precise placement of the medication. The effects of an epidural steroid injection can vary, but many patients experience significant pain relief within a few days to weeks, which can allow them to participate more effectively in physical therapy and daily activities. While the injection does not cure the underlying condition, it can reduce symptoms, improve mobility, and potentially delay or prevent the need for surgery. Most patients can resume normal activities shortly after the procedure, though minor soreness at the injection site is common. Repeated injections may be recommended based on symptom relief and medical guidance.

Occipital nerve blocks are a medical procedure used to relieve pain originating from the occipital nerves, which run from the top of the spinal cord through the scalp. This treatment involves injecting a local anesthetic, sometimes combined with a steroid, near the occipital nerves at the back of the head. By targeting these nerves directly, the injection can reduce inflammation and interrupt pain signals traveling to the brain, providing relief for conditions such as occipital neuralgia, chronic headaches, or migraines. The procedure is typically performed in a clinic setting and is relatively quick, often taking only a few minutes. The effects of an occipital nerve block can vary depending on the individual and the underlying cause of the pain. Some people experience immediate relief, while for others, it may take a few days to notice improvement. In some cases, the relief can last for weeks or even months, and repeat injections may be scheduled if necessary. While generally considered safe, potential side effects can include temporary soreness at the injection site, mild bruising, or, rarely, infection. Occipital nerve blocks are often

A peripheral neurostimulator is a medical device designed to manage chronic pain by sending mild electrical impulses directly to specific peripheral nerves—those outside the brain and spinal cord. These impulses interfere with pain signals, preventing them from reaching the brain and reducing the perception of pain in targeted areas. The system typically includes a small pulse generator, implanted under the skin, and thin leads positioned near the affected nerves. Patients or clinicians can adjust the intensity, frequency, or pattern of stimulation to achieve the most effective relief. Peripheral neurostimulators are often used for localized pain that is difficult to manage with medications alone. Because the stimulation is highly targeted, it can provide relief to specific areas such as a limb, shoulder, or joint without affecting the rest of the body. While the device does not treat the underlying cause of pain, it can significantly improve quality of life by allowing greater mobility, comfort, and participation in daily activities. Many patients also have the option to trial the device temporarily before permanent implantation to ensure it provides meaningful pain relief.

A TENS unit, short for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, is a small, battery-operated device used to deliver mild electrical impulses through the skin. These impulses travel through electrodes that are placed on or near areas of pain. The stimulation affects the way nerves send signals to the brain, often reducing the sensation of pain or making it less noticeable. The intensity and frequency of the impulses can usually be adjusted to match the user’s comfort and needs. Many people use a TENS unit as a non-invasive option for managing pain related to muscles, joints, or nerves. The device is portable, allowing it to be worn during daily activities, making pain relief more accessible throughout the day. While it doesn’t cure underlying conditions, it can provide temporary relief and help people feel more comfortable and active. The flexibility, ease of use, and drug-free nature of a TENS unit make it a popular choice in pain management plans.

Treatments for peripheral neuropathy focus on managing symptoms and addressing the underlying cause of nerve damage. If the condition is linked to another health issue, such as diabetes or vitamin deficiencies, controlling that root problem is an important step. Medications may be prescribed to reduce nerve-related pain, improve sleep, or calm overactive nerve signals. Some people may also benefit from topical agents or over-the-counter options that provide temporary relief from burning or tingling sensations. Beyond medications, lifestyle approaches and supportive therapies often play a role in treatment. Physical therapy can help strengthen muscles, improve coordination, and reduce the risk of falls. Occupational therapy may provide strategies to adapt daily activities for greater comfort and independence. Healthy habits such as maintaining balanced nutrition, staying physically active, and avoiding alcohol or toxins that harm nerves can also support long-term management. In some cases, medical procedures or devices may be recommended to target persistent or severe pain.

A spinal cord stimulator (SCS) is a medical device used to manage chronic pain by sending electrical impulses to the spinal cord. These impulses interfere with pain signals before they reach the brain, reducing the perception of pain in targeted areas of the body. The device consists of thin wires, called leads, which are placed near the spinal cord, and a small pulse generator implanted under the skin, usually in the abdomen or buttocks. Patients can adjust the intensity and pattern of the stimulation using a remote control, allowing for personalized pain management. Spinal cord stimulators are often considered for people whose chronic pain has not responded to more conservative measures. The goal of the device is not to cure the underlying condition but to improve quality of life by reducing pain and increasing the ability to perform daily activities. The sensation from the stimulator is typically described as a tingling or gentle buzzing, which can replace or mask the chronic pain. Because the therapy is adjustable and reversible, it provides a flexible option for managing complex, persistent pain in the

A selective nerve block is a medical procedure used to target a specific nerve or group of nerves to interrupt pain signals traveling to the brain. By injecting an anesthetic, and sometimes other medications, near the nerve, doctors can temporarily reduce or eliminate pain in a particular area of the body. These blocks are often used to diagnose the source of pain, as well as to understand which nerves are contributing to chronic or acute discomfort. Unlike general anesthesia, which affects the entire body, a selective nerve block focuses on a precise location, allowing for targeted relief without widespread numbness. The procedure is typically guided by imaging techniques such as X-ray, ultrasound, or fluoroscopy to ensure accurate placement of the needle and medication. Patients may experience immediate relief, while others notice gradual improvement as inflammation and nerve irritation decrease. Selective nerve blocks are commonly used in conditions involving the spine, joints, or extremities, and can help clinicians map out the nerve pathways responsible for pain. This targeted approach makes them a valuable diagnostic and monitoring tool in pain management.

Kyphoplasty is a medical procedure designed to restore the shape and stability of a vertebra that has collapsed due to a compression fracture. In this procedure, a small balloon is carefully inserted into the fractured vertebra and then gently inflated. This creates space within the bone and helps lift it back toward its normal height, reducing the wedge shape caused by the fracture. Once the space is created, the balloon is removed and the cavity is filled with a special bone cement, which hardens quickly to stabilize the vertebra. The purpose of kyphoplasty is to improve the structure of the spine and reduce the pain that often comes from vertebral collapse. By reinforcing the weakened vertebra with cement, the procedure helps restore alignment and prevents further collapse at that level. Many patients also notice improved mobility after the procedure, since stabilizing the fractured bone can make movement less painful and easier to manage.

Joint injections are a common and effective method used in pain management to relieve discomfort in affected joints. These injections typically deliver medication directly into the joint space, allowing targeted treatment of inflammation, swelling, or degeneration. The medications most often used include corticosteroids, which reduce inflammation, or hyaluronic acid, which helps lubricate the joint and improve mobility. By delivering medicine directly where it’s needed, joint injections can provide faster and more concentrated relief compared to oral medications, which must travel through the bloodstream to reach the site of pain. In addition to reducing pain, joint injections can improve joint function and allow patients to participate more fully in physical therapy and daily activities. They are often part of a comprehensive pain management plan that includes exercise, weight management, and other non-surgical therapies. While the duration of relief varies depending on the individual and the type of injection, many patients experience significant improvement in symptoms, which can enhance quality of life and reduce reliance on long-term oral pain medications.