Varus and valgus are terms used to describe the alignment of a joint, particularly in relation to the knees, but they can also apply to other joints like the ankles and elbows. Varus refers to an inward angulation of the joint, meaning the distal (farther) part of the limb moves toward the midline of the body. In the case of the knees, this results in a “bowlegged” appearance, where the knees stay apart even when the feet are together. Varus alignment can be caused by conditions like osteoarthritis, congenital deformities, or trauma, leading to uneven weight distribution and increased stress on the inner part of the joint.
Valgus, on the other hand, describes an outward angulation of the joint, where the distal part of the limb moves away from the body’s midline. In the knees, this creates a “knock-kneed” appearance, where the knees touch but the feet remain apart. Valgus alignment can result from factors like genetics, injury, or joint degeneration, often placing excessive strain on the outer portion of the joint. Both varus and valgus misalignments can lead to discomfort, instability, and an increased risk of joint degeneration over time, particularly if they are severe or left
unaddressed.
