Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints, called the synovium. This immune response causes inflammation, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility in the affected joints. RA usually affects joints symmetrically, meaning both sides of the body are involved, and it commonly targets the hands, wrists, knees, and feet. Over time, ongoing inflammation can damage cartilage and bone, resulting in joint deformity, loss of function, fatigue, and
sometimes complications in other organs such as the heart or lungs.
The impact of rheumatoid arthritis extends beyond the joints, affecting overall quality of life. Persistent pain and stiffness can make daily activities challenging, while fatigue and decreased mobility may limit participation in work, exercise, and social activities. Because RA is a progressive condition, early recognition of symptoms like prolonged
morning stiffness, swelling, and joint tenderness is important. Managing lifestyle factors, maintaining mobility through gentle activity, and monitoring symptoms closely are key to coping with the disease and preserving long-term function.
