Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of connective tissue disorders that affect the skin, joints, and blood vessel walls. It is characterized by hyperelastic skin, joint hypermobility, and a tendency to bruise easily. EDS occurs due to defects in collagen, a protein that provides strength and elasticity to connective tissues throughout the body. There are several types of EDS, ranging from mild to severe, with the most common being the hypermobile type, which primarily affects the joints and causes them to be unusually flexible. In more severe forms, such as the vascular type, individuals may experience fragile blood vessels that can lead to spontaneous bleeding or rupture of major arteries.
While EDS is a genetic condition, it often goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, as its symptoms can overlap with other disorders. Individuals with EDS may experience chronic pain, frequent dislocations, and a higher risk of joint damage. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, such as pain and joint instability, and preventing complications. Physical therapy can help improve joint stability and mobility, while pain management may involve medication, braces, or other supportive devices. Since there is no cure for EDS, ongoing care and regular monitoring are necessary to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
