Facet joint syndrome is a condition that affects the small joints located between and behind adjacent vertebrae in the spine. These facet joints provide stability and allow for smooth movement of the spine, but they can become irritated or degenerate over time due to factors like aging, repetitive stress, or injury. When the cartilage within the facet joints wears down, the bones can begin to rub against each other, leading to inflammation, stiffness, and pain. This pain is often localized to the affected area but can also radiate to nearby regions, such as the neck, shoulders, or lower back, depending on which part of the spine is involved.
The symptoms of facet joint syndrome can vary in intensity and may be influenced by posture and movement. People with this condition often experience increased discomfort when bending backward or twisting the spine, while forward bending might provide some relief. In the cervical spine (neck), facet joint syndrome can cause headaches and difficulty turning the head, whereas in the lumbar spine (lower back), it may lead to pain that radiates into the buttocks or thighs. Stiffness and a reduced range of motion are common, making everyday activities more challenging. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans, and sometimes diagnostic injections to pinpoint the affected joints.
