Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage—the smooth, cushion-like tissue that covers the ends of bones in the joints. As cartilage deteriorates, bones begin to rub against each other, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced mobility. This condition primarily affects weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine, but it can occur in any joint. Over time, osteoarthritis can cause the joint to lose its normal shape, and bone spurs may develop, further contributing to discomfort and limited function.
The development of osteoarthritis is influenced by several factors, including age, genetics, joint injuries, and repetitive stress on the joints. Symptoms typically include joint pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion, which can worsen with activity and improve with rest. While osteoarthritis is a progressive condition with no cure, various treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include physical therapy, the use of a knee brace, medications, lifestyle changes, injections, and in some cases, surgical interventions to repair or replace the affected joint.
