Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that typically affects one limb, often after an injury, surgery, or trauma. The pain experienced is out of proportion to the severity of the initial injury and is thought to result from abnormal functioning of the nervous system, particularly involving the nerves that regulate pain and blood flow. CRPS is characterized by intense, burning pain, sensitivity to touch, swelling, and changes in skin color or temperature in the affected area. It is divided into two types: CRPS-I, where no nerve injury is identified, and CRPS-II, which occurs after a confirmed nerve injury.
The exact cause of CRPS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The condition may worsen over time if not properly treated, leading to further complications like muscle atrophy or contractures, where muscles become shortened and immobile. Treatment typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including physical therapy, medications to control pain (such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, or nerve pain medications), nerve blocks, and in some cases, interventions like spinal cord stimulation. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing the progression of CRPS and improving outcomes.
