A ganglion cyst is a benign, fluid-filled lump that usually forms near joints or tendons, most commonly on the wrist, hand, or foot. These cysts arise when synovial fluid leaks from a joint or tendon sheath, creating a sac-like swelling. While many ganglion cysts are painless and may go unnoticed, some can cause discomfort, stiffness, or pressure on nearby nerves, leading to tingling, numbness, or weakness. Their size can fluctuate, often increasing with repetitive activity or joint use. Although harmless, they can interfere with daily activities or cause cosmetic concerns for some patients.
Treatment and pain management for ganglion cysts focus on relieving symptoms and preserving joint function. Initial approaches often include observation if the cyst is small and painless, or immobilization with a brace or splint to reduce movement and fluid buildup. For symptomatic cysts, aspiration can drain the fluid, sometimes followed by corticosteroid injection to reduce inflammation. In persistent or painful cases, surgical removal may be necessary. Pain management may involve over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, activity modification, and physical therapy to maintain range of motion and reduce discomfort. Most treatments are effective, but recurrence can occur, making monitoring and individualized care important.
