A brachial plexus block is a type of regional anesthesia used to numb the nerves that supply the shoulder, arm, and hand. It targets the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that originates in the neck and extends through the shoulder and down the arm. By injecting a local anesthetic near this group of nerves, pain signals from the upper limb are blocked, providing temporary loss of sensation and muscle control in the targeted area. This technique is often used to provide anesthesia for surgeries or to manage pain from traumatic injuries or chronic
conditions affecting the upper extremity.
The procedure is typically performed under ultrasound or nerve stimulator guidance to precisely locate the nerves and ensure effective and safe delivery of the anesthetic. There are different approaches to the block—such as interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, or axillary —depending on the surgical site or desired area of numbness. A brachial plexus block is commonly used to treat conditions requiring surgery (e.g., fractures, tendon repairs, or shoulder arthroscopy) and is also employed for pain relief in cases like complex regional pain
syndrome or severe nerve pain. In some vascular disorders, it may help by improving blood flow to the limb. This block can reduce the need for general anesthesia and postoperative opioids, promoting quicker recovery and fewer side effects.
