Retrolisthesis is a spinal condition in which a vertebra moves backward relative to the vertebra below it. Unlike anterolisthesis, which involves forward slippage, retrolisthesis is characterized by a posterior displacement that can affect the alignment and stability of the spine. This condition is more commonly seen in the cervical and lumbar regions and is often associated with degenerative changes in the spine, such as disc dehydration, facet joint arthritis, or weakened ligaments. It can also result from trauma, congenital spine abnormalities, or chronic mechanical stress.
The symptoms of retrolisthesis can range from mild discomfort to significant neurological issues, depending on the severity and location of the displacement. Individuals may experience localized pain, stiffness, and a reduced range of motion in the affected area. If the backward shift of the vertebra impinges on surrounding nerves or the spinal cord, symptoms such as tingling, numbness, muscle weakness, or pain radiating into the limbs may occur. In some cases, postural changes and difficulty maintaining balance may also be noted. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination and imaging techniques like X-rays or MRI to evaluate the extent of displacement and any associated spinal degeneration.
