Treatment for anterolisthesis typically begins with conservative approaches aimed at relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and improving spinal stability. Rest, activity modification, and physical therapy are often recommended to strengthen the muscles supporting the spine and improve flexibility. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or muscle relaxants may be used to manage pain and discomfort. In some cases, bracing can help limit movement and provide additional support to the affected area, especially when the condition is caused by instability or trauma. These methods are generally effective for mild to moderate cases (Grades I and II).
When conservative treatments are not effective or the condition is more severe (Grades III and IV), surgical intervention may be considered. The most common procedure is spinal fusion, where the affected vertebrae are permanently joined to restore alignment and prevent further slippage. Decompression surgery may also be performed if there is nerve compression, involving the removal of bone or tissue pressing on spinal nerves. The choice of surgery depends on factors such as the degree of vertebral slippage, the presence of neurological symptoms, and the patient’s overall health and lifestyle. Postoperative rehabilitation, including physical therapy, is important for recovery and long-term spinal stability.
